Humans’ Contribution to Climate Change Essay - 897 Words

Climate change is one of the biggest concerns of all nations across the globe. Climate shift refers to changes in patterns of weather which can be indicated through global warming, natural disasters and rises in sea level. There is a group of people, climate change skeptics, who argue that climate change is not the result of human activity, meaning that it is naturally occurring. According to World Meteorological Organization, natural factors refer to internal factors, which are the interactions between the atmosphere and ocean, and external factors, such as solar energy variations and volcanic eruption (United Nation Evironment Programme - World Meteorological Organization, 2006). However, most scientists claim that people also involve in†¦show more content†¦Since the beginning of the industrial revolution in recent centuries, the Earth’s temperature increases steadily due to the high concentration of carbon dioxide. The use of energies for transportation, manufactu ring, and electricity generation involve in the burning of fossil fuel. These activities produce carbon dioxide to the atmosphere and warm up the Earth. As stated by World Meteorological Organization, â€Å"The use of fossil fuel currently accounts for 80 to 85% of the carbon dioxide being added to the atmosphere† (United Nation Evironment Programme - World Meteorological Organization, 2006). In fact, the amount of man-made carbon emission to the atmosphere continues to grow everyday although people acknowledge the danger of the extreme carbon emission. World Meteorological Organization said that the carbon emission rose significantly from just less than 1 billion tons in 1860 to more than 20 billion tons in 1990 (United Nation Evironment Programme - World Meteorological Organization, 2006). As a result, the Earth’s temperature continues to increase over time. Steffen clearly stated â€Å"The global average air temperature has risen by about 0.85 °C since the beginn ing of the 20th century, and continues to rise. The period 2001–2010 was the hottest decade on record† (Steffen, 2013). Beside the high concentration of carbonShow MoreRelatedHuman Contribution in Climate Change874 Words   |  4 PagesInteractions between human and the ecosystem have been operating for millenniums, and are impossible to eliminate, as each depends on the other in order to survive and flourish. However, as modern technology advances, as well as the increase in the world’s population, the need for natural resources begin to rise to an alarming rate which has started to gradually destroy the ecosystem. Recently, there has been an increase of sea levels in region whilst other rain-bounty areas have begun to experienceRead MoreDebating the Human Contribution to Climate Change2139 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿Debating the Human Contribution to Climate Change Debating the Human Contribution to Climate Change Global climate change is a hot point of contention on an international scale. This subject went from ridicule, mockery, and doubt to massive grassroots and nonprofit movements, heated debates, and media headlines. Though there exists scientific research that dates back into the mid 20th century regarding impending climate change, the subject was not take seriously by massive audiences until theRead MoreQuantification Of The Contribution Of Human Influences ( Hi ) On Regional Climate Change759 Words   |  4 PagesQuantification of the contribution of human influences (HI) on regional climate change is a focus of climate change research (Dirmeyer et al., 2010; Kalnay and Cai 2003). Quantification of such influences can help us understand regional climate patterns and improve the accuracy and algorithms/mechanism of downscaling general circulation models (Lawrence and Chase, 2010; Li et al., 2012; Zhao and Pitman, 2002). The important human influences on regional climate are land-use and land-cover change (LUCC) (PielkeRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Environment1217 Words   |  5 Pagesrisks of climate change, but many others are unaware of the problem, unsure of the facts or what to do, do not trust experts or believe their conclusions, think the problem is elsewhere, are fixed in their ways, believe that others should act, or believe that their actions will make no difference or are unimportant compared to those of others. II. †¢ An individual level of analysis is relevant for understanding the impacts of climate change and the ways individuals adapt to climate change becauseRead MoreSummary : Water Scarcity And The Recognition Of The Human Right Safe Freshwater 1403 Words   |  6 Pages Professor Menton English 1 19 November 2015 Annotated Bibliography Type of Source: 13. Basic format for an article or other short work c. Database, 477 Curry, Elliot. â€Å"Water Scarcity and the Recognition of the Human Right to Safe Freshwater.† Journal of International Human Rights 9.1 (2010): 103-121. Academic Search Premier. Web. 19 Nov. 2015. Summary: Elliot Curry, a 2011 Juris Doctor candidate at the Northwestern University School of Law, notes that the western world is doing a great job atRead MoreEssay on Role of Human Activities in Causing Climate Change1072 Words   |  5 PagesAs humans approach a future of uncertainty, enigmas are unraveling all around the globe. Climate change is one of the most influential concerns to humankinds, since there seems to be a dramatic change in the Earth’s climate such as noticeable increase in temperature.According to United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), climate change may be defined as the change in atmosphere that results from indirect or direct contribution to the climate by humans in which affect the modificationRead MoreKoch, Money, Denialism And Climate Change1241 Words   |  5 PagesKoch, Money, Denialism and Climate Change. These last two election cycles have demonstrated the importance of climate change in relation to politics and the american people. What is unfortunate is that what seems to be a very crucial and real problem in our human survival, according to scientists, is being debated by people who do not have the scientific credentials to even discuss the science behind the reality of climate change. Those behind the skeptics, have funded a successful campaign againstRead MoreThe Theory Of The Hybrid Car1210 Words   |  5 PagesThe human species is always advancing in technologically, medically, electronically, and even transportation. Transportation methods are one of the many contributions to our climate change issues we are experiencing. As we progress technologically, we have come up with better and more climate-friendly vehicles to prevent and reduce climate changes. With these advances in transportation, the hybrid car was introduced to the market. The hybrid car is a vehicle that uses t wo or more distinctive typesRead MoreHumans Impact On Climate Change925 Words   |  4 PagesHumans Impact on Climate Change Most of the blame for climate change over the years especially after the 1850’s has been placed on humans. As long as modern humans have roamed the earth, they have been upsetting the natural balance of the earth. People have did this by clearing areas of land, killing animals, polluting water, etc. Before the â€Å"modern human†, people like the Native Americans cared for the earth. They respected the land and the people that cared for it. Unfortunately, people don’t careRead MoreGlobal Climate Change. Marc E. Wiltfong. Sec 510 – Position1581 Words   |  7 Pages Global Climate Change Marc E. Wiltfong SEC 510 – Position Paper 1 Faculty: Dr. Danielle Camacho Southern New Hampshire University Date: February 05, 2017 â€Æ' Global Climate Change Summary of the issue: Is climate change caused by mankind or is it simply a natural occurrence? If the answer were as easy as â€Å"yes, it is 100% caused by humans,† or â€Å"no it’s not at all caused by humans,† there would be very little room for argument. Two questions need to be investigated: 1) Is it probable that

Education Learning Environments - 1190 Words

Learning environments that effectively meet the needs of adult students build upon the wealth of knowledge in the classroom, are student-driven, and have direct application to the problems of the adults everyday life. In this essay, I will reflect upon a traditional learning experience that I experienced as an early college student. Additionally, using Knowles theory of adult learning, I will consider how the experience could have been adapted. Traditional Learning Context As a 17 year old in the mid 1990s, I enrolled in an introductory psychology course at a private religious college in central Virginia. The college was traditional in most every way, from the way coursework was organized to the ways in which classroom activities were†¦show more content†¦His views that favored blaming mothers for sexual orientation identity may have been challenged by members of the class that did not experience coddling or over-identification with their mothers. It was fairly widely known that professional helping organizations no longer endorsed Freuds position on sexual orientation identity. Social role Knowles also asserted that adults learning occurs because adults are ready to learn; the circumstances of their lives makes learning relevant (Merriam, Caffarella, Baumgartner, 2007). At this point in my life, I was coming to terms with my sexual orientation identity. Because I was not getting a balanced view on LGBT identity at the college, I spent a great deal of time at the public library reading about sexual minority communities. This is perhaps part of the reason why the lecture was memorable in an otherwise uninteresting course. Learning about this issue had immediacy for me because it was relevant to my life. Though the classroom did not offer me a place to grapple with these issues, my learning continued nevertheless. The instructors lack of a balanced position made me seek out other sources of knowledge. Application Knowledge is not gathered and stored for a later time. In order to be a useful learning experience, there must be an immediate need. Merriam, Caffarella, and Baumgartner (2007) noted that, in Knowles adult learningShow MoreRelatedA Learning Diverse Environment : A Multicultural Education1383 Words   |  6 PagesA Learning Diverse Environment A multicultural education is a form of education that incorporates a diverse cultural background into learning. Having a multicultural education is beneficial in an abundance of ways especially for the younger generation. American schools should implement multicultural education in classrooms to promote positive attitudes toward one own’s culture and others. The US Census Bureau claimed that America consists of six different races (excluding Whites or Americans): AmericanRead MorePreschool Mission : Education And Learning Environment851 Words   |  4 PagesBJBee’s Preschool Brownsville, Oregon BJBee’s Preschool Mission: To promote full and equal participation in the education and learning environment regardless of racial and ethnic background, socioeconomic status, disabilities, sexual orientation, or families of different gender identities. BJBee’s Preschool is committed to valuing diversity by providing equality of opportunity and anti-discriminatory practice for all children and families. We respect and value the linguistic, cultural and religiousRead MoreInclusive Education And An Innovative Learning Environment1871 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"Inclusive education is where all children and young people are engaged and achieve through being present, participating, learning and belonging† (Ministry of Education, 2017). To define inclusive education, I believe it means that child with or without special needs are welcomed and achieve at school (Ministry of Education, 2010). In addition, an inclusive school understand that all children learn at differe nt speed, and in different ways. Hence, with the appropriate help and support, every studentRead MoreTeaching And Learning Environments At The New Zealand Education System Essay1735 Words   |  7 PagesTeaching and learning is a pivotal process that is constantly evolving. The previous notions of education being about an expert in the field teaching those who do not know, are being challenged with the belief that students should be prepared for jobs that do not yet exist, using technology that isn’t yet invented and solving problems that we have not yet faced. This new stance on learning has initiated the upheaval of the New Zealand education system with the reformatting of many schools into modernRead MoreEvaluating The Learning Environment For Nursing Education Curriculum And Professional Development809 Words   |  4 Pagesnursing education student with the opportunity to participate in the teaching/evaluation of nurses at various educational levels in the hospital sett ing. This focused practicum involves course preparation, actual classroom teaching, evaluation methods (testing, conferencing), and participation in meetings. This practicum will provide this student with a variety of teaching strategies, knowledge, skills, and evaluative approaches designed to promote a productive and effective learning environment withinRead MoreLearning Modalities, Environment, Curriculum and Personnel in Early Childhood Education1593 Words   |  7 Pagesneeds child in the early childhood education environment. Learning modalities will be defined. The importance of a spectrum of modalities in the way children learn will be addressed, with special attention given to the needs of a special needs child in the classroom. The question of why changes in curriculum, environment and personnel are necessary when dealing with a special needs student in a typical classroom will also be addressed. Sometimes referred to as â€Å"learning modalities†, operating in a classroomRead MoreSpecial Education, Social Justice, And Effective Learning Environment For Students2700 Words   |  11 Pageswe grow in education, it always seems as in there is someone that is left behind. Educators need to be able to reach out as many students as possible, but some may argue that it does not feel this way. Often, students with special education needs are considered to be too difficult to teach, or simple just a â€Å"lost cause.† The way we interact and care for all students not only shows in each student, but it shows in the impact it has on the community as a whole. Keywords: special education, social justiceRead MoreThe Threat Of New Entrants1474 Words   |  6 Pagesdistance learning need to get accredited for the courses they are offering, Government policy - Distance education is evolving rapidly in the targeted countries in the past years. The governments of these countries pay special attention to the higher education and the possibilities for distance learning in order to satisfy the increasing demand of highly trained individuals. Capital requirements - The biggest investment is getting the needed equipment for the purpose of distance learning. EspeciallyRead MoreHorizon Report: Higher Education Editions Essay1613 Words   |  7 PagesThe Horizon Report: 2014 Higher Education Editions seeks to answer several questions and as such examined emerging technologies for the potential impact on and use in teaching, learning and creative inquiry within the environment of higher education. They also seek answers to the many local factors which affect the practice of education, the issues that transcend regional boundaries and questions common to higher education. This report focused on 18 topics identified by the expert panels which areRead MoreDevelopment Of Information Communication Technology1322 Words   |  6 Pageslife-style change. This has particularly impacted the education system, traditional educational approaches, which were focused at the classroom were very limiting due to the extensive curricula. Time allocated to individ ual classes is not enough for teachers to explain all the content, to solve case studies and to teach students skills, such as oral and written communication, critical and creative thinking, group work, and a usage of new learning technologies. Development of Information Communication

Hyundai Card Free Essays

Definition of ‘Strategic’ Involved or being a part of consciously developed future planning by using design to achieve the organisation’s aim through visual, functional and conceptual integration of design to create its appropriate external and internal identities, products and service offerings and missions. HyundaiCard (HC), a Korean credit card company Even though HC was late for coming into credit card industries, they made a remarkable growth by design management integrating brand identity. Visual integration by design policy According to Borja de Mozota (2003), strong brand identity can be achieved by visual integration. We will write a custom essay sample on Hyundai Card or any similar topic only for you Order Now As figure 1 below show, HC redesigned their logo and typeface based on the shape, ratio and angle of an actual credit card, perfectly reflecting HC’s identity (Total Active Media, 2004). With strong design policy supervised by ‘HC Design Lab’, the font is applied to all visual channels in the coherent manner for visual integration (Total Active Media, 2004). This reflects philosophy and culture of HC to not only customers but also employees to make strong corporate identity. Figure 1: Typeface ‘You and I’ (Source: Total Active Media, online, 2004) 1 DM5554 Strategic Design Management Functional Integration by card design Consumers are seeking to express the image of themselves through purchasing a product or service that meets their self-expression and assertion of individuality (Cooper Press, 1995). Similarly, they designed an integrated card hierarchy system according to user’s different needs. The credit cards are designed using alphabet, number and colour with their font (Song and Bang, 2006). Moreover, they applied different alphabets to card for different benefits (Song and Bang, 2006). For example, the ‘M’ card reflects ‘Multiple benefits’. Number system shows level of services (e. g. ‘M2’ contains more services than ‘M’, and ‘M3’ than ‘M2’). With colour, they defined premium level of cards (see figure 2). Regarding to card design, customers can understand this concept easily and feel credit cards desirable. By applying design strategy to convey consumers’ lifestyle into product and service, HC successfully fulfills consumers’ needs. Figure 2: Credit Card Hierarchy (Source: Unitas Brand, 2009) Conceptual integration by CSR Design can play important role in achieving CSR for company’s long-term strategic advantage (Koo and Cooper, 2011). As figure 3 below show, HC has been taking various activities for CSR by giving their design talent. For example, HC designed the ‘dreamlibrary’ for children who have got cancer and leukemia, bus stations for public and ‘Super Concert’ for cultural arts dispersion (Unitas Brand, 2009). These CSR activities create positive conceptual integration of brand images. 2 DM5554 Strategic Design Management Figure 3: CSR activities (Source: Hyundaicardcapital. com, online, 2011) Conclusion Hyundai Card conducts design resources effectively, developing its external and internal identity, creating its product and service based on consumers’ need. It also enhance positive brand image by contributing to society. How to cite Hyundai Card, Essay examples

Discussion on Health Inequities-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the determinants of health that affect or have affected your potential to be healthy. Answer: Introduction Health inequities occur in our day to day lives often. The core aspects of these health inequities play significant role on the health state of persons. Social determinants have been considered for its role in health state of the people. The conditions which people live and grow have effects on the quality of life. Thus this essay will analyse aspects of social determinants and my reflection as a Social Worker professional in analysing the determinants factors in my life. Education Education has been termed as one of the social determinant of health. People who have higher education levels area at an advantage position and tend to be healthier than those with lower education levels,, (Mikkonen Raphael, 2010, pp. 15). As I grow up it is important to note that education will be taking centre stage and to guarantee m e positive life thereafter. As I continue with my education it is important to note that, i will be striving to get to higher education so as to get to be healthier than the rest. As i grow up, there is need to understand that I will be able to make a better decisions with regard to my state of health. My socio economic status will improve as i gained more education and this will make me even of making sound decision with regard to our state of health, (Kris-Etherton et al., 2014 ). With this view, i have been striving for my education so that i achieved positive status later in life. Having higher education strives to better health sate of the people in general. Unemployment Employment often provides the needed income for building sustenance to the income and provision of identity. Lack of proper employment has been associated with problems like physical and mental health, depression, anxiety and increased suicidal attempts, (Mikkonen Raphael, 2010, pp.17). As a student, I strive to do the best in my studies so as to secure myself for the future with positive health state. Going through education, gives me the chance to strive for the best and be able to be employed. Having secure job will give me the chance to be employed and get time to fend for my family and provide them food shelter and clothing. Without any source of income, the livelihood of those within us is subject to having low quality of life, (Mroz Letts, 2014). Being un employed has been linked to poor health as the source of income to seek better health services are missing the money due to lack of job security which translate to better health outcomes. As i go through my education in my university levels, my core goal is to the best and be in a position to get employed easily and even secure channel avenue. I strive to finalize my education, and increase my chance of getting guaranteed job security. Early child hood development Early child hood development has been associated with and regarded as strong indicator for better health outcome in future. Positive childhood development, determines the state of health in future. Health effects are linked to developmental stages of life, (Mikkonen Raphael, 2010, pp. 23). Having been established with strong foundational skills in my young age years, i expect to have positive living in future. My parents and guardians have really struggled ad achieved, positive foundational health framework which has assisted me in getting good foundational skills to achieve better health.. Child hood pathways of achieving the health state later in life is paramount and key determiner for health state later in life, (Knafl et al., 2015). Having attended better kindergarten facility in my child hood, puts on the edge of having positive health at my current age, and expect to get even more positive health state later in life. Food security Food security has been categorised as main determiner for health state among the people. It dictates the basic human life state. People who have food insecurity often face inability to have adequate diet and achieving good quality and quantity of foods. Food insecurity remains to be a stumbling block towards achieving positive health state for individuals, (Mikkonen Raphael, 2010, pp. 26). My parents have worked so hard in my upbringing to provide me adequate food security in my life. I have always found enough food which has guaranteed me for better health in future. Achieving positive health state is crucial for me to achieve positive health state, (Johnstone, Fanzo Cogil, 2014). As i grow up, there is need for me to ensure, that i acquire all i need n my educational which will help me in bringing the food on the table. After my graduation, i expect to be employed in a good job and start earning. In this way i will strive to ensure food security is my top priority if i want to gain entry and achieve positive health state. Housing Housing factor has played a significant role in ensuring positive health outcomes among the people. Housing has been prioritised as one of the basic necessities of healthful living. Often lack of the purchasing power and strained economic resources has been categorised as on of the impeding factor for acquisition of better housing for people, (Mikkonen Raphael, 2010, pp. 29). Shelter has been termed as the basic requirement for better health outcomes among the health state of the people. As i have been growing up my parents have really struggled to achieve better housing state and has improved my health status. Striving for my educational levels in the school has been the most important aspect in my life. Going through the education system and striving to achieve excellence, will enable me in the future to acquire the basic social determinant of housing and shelter, (Moll et al., 2014). Our school has been providing this essential health parameter, hence the reason why we are healthy. Unclean shelter facilities are greatest danger to our livelihoods and health state. My struggles in achieving excellence in school and working towards employment, is a better way of ensuring that i get better housing and shelter. Social safety nets Social safety nets have been described as range of benefits, which have ensured that citizens are supported during their different life stages events which they encounter. The various transition phases of healthy life often play significant role in te state of health of the people, (Mikkonen Raphael, 2010, pp 35). In my life, there is evidence of how government actions have been implemented to protect the people and shielding them of better health outcomes. As I struggle and work hard in school my aim has been to achieve better health care outcomes later in future, (Gassman-Pines Hill, 2013). I have been working hard in school so as to secure myself and my family in future better health outcomes and achieve positive state of health and even have healthy life. My acquired skills and knowledge gained gives me an opportunity to work hard in my studies, so as to get the basic necessities in life. With view of my ability, i hope that i will have positive impact on health state of the social disenfranchised citizens who are facing difficulties in achieving positive health outcomes. Conclusions These mentioned factors of health care determinants, play a crucial role in my field of social work. Lack of free socialization and inability to achieve positive health is a key determinant in the health state of the people. These issues are likely to affect how my clients are able to socialise and achieve positive health state. Lack of key basic factors like housing units, low education levels, food insecurity and the un employment state have a factor in their state of health . Thus encountering limitation of these factors is likely to play a significant factor in my health state, later in life which leads to impediment in achieving free and happy society. As professional social worker, my role as change agent is crucial. There is need for strategizing of how the needs of the people are met and to also improve their support system so as to achieve better health outcomes. There is need to educate them on the basics of life and the need to strive and work hard for better living. References Gassman?Pines, A., Hill, Z. (2013). How Social Safety Net Programs Affect Family Economic Well?Being, Family Functioning, and Children's Development. Child Development Perspectives, 7(3), 172-181. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cdep.12037/full Johnston, J. L., Fanzo, J. C., Cogill, B. (2014). Understanding sustainable diets: a descriptive analysis of the determinants and processes that influence diets and their impact on health, food security, and environmental sustainability. Advances in Nutrition: An International Review Journal, 5(4), 418-429. https://advances.nutrition.org/content/5/4/418.short Knafl, K., Leeman, J., Havill, N., Crandell, J., Sandelowski, M. (2015). Delimiting family in syntheses of research on childhood chronic conditions and family life. Family process, 54(1), 173-184. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/famp.12101/full Kris-Etherton, P. M., Akabas, S. R., Bales, C. W., Bistrian, B., Braun, L., Edwards, M. S., ... Pratt, C. A. (2014). The need to advance nutrition education in the training of health care professionals and recommended research to evaluate implementation and effectiveness. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 99(5), 1153S-1166S. https://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/99/5/1153S.short Mikkonen, J., Raphael, D. (2010). Social Determinants of Health: The Canadian Facts. Toronto: York University School of Health Policy and Management. http;//www.thecanadianfacts.org/the_canadian_facts.pdf Moll, J., Krieger, P., Moreno?Walton, L., Lee, B., Slaven, E., James, T., ... Heron, S. L. (2014). The prevalence of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender health education and training in emergency medicine residency programs: what do we know?. Academic Emergency Medicine, 21(5), 608-611. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/acem.12368/full Mroz, M., Letts, C. (2014). Early years education, language and social background: A decade of changing policy and practice. European Journal of Applied Linguistics, 2(1), 79-100. https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/eujal.2014.2.issue-1/eujal-2014-0003/eujal-2014-0003.xml

November 6, 1996 Dear Joe, It Was Nice To Hear From You Again, I Enjoy

November 6, 1996 Dear Joe, It was nice to hear from you again, I enjoyed hearing about your new business venture and I hope it works out. School is going great and I can't wait to graduate in two months. The other day I finished reading a book by Michael Crichton called "JURASSIC PARK" you may have heard of the movie. Anyway this book got me thinking about our trip to the tyrel museum and I was very excited that I had some background knowledge on the information and technological terms used in the book. I would recommend this book to you because you share a common interest with me as we both enjoy studying Dinosaurs, if you have seen the movie I would still recommend reading this book as the movie (which I went to last night) does not do the book justice. Many of the scenes from the book that were not included added to the plot and made things' make allot more sense. Also, some of the parts added effect to the movie. An example of my favorite part of the book that was cut out of the movie was when Gennaro got his guts spilled by a dinosaur and in the movie they just changed scenes. You must excuse me for rambling on about this book but I was just so excited once first reading the book then seeing the movie I felt I should try to share the experience with you. Especially seeing how we were at the tyrel museum with me I figured it may be worth your while to check out this book. Sincerely your friend, Annonymouse

Designers Guild Essay Example

Designers Guild Essay Example Designers Guild Essay Designers Guild Essay A professionally managed textile company, offering a wide variety of bed accessories. Viz. , bed linen, towels, blankets and throws etc. , Company has good administration, customer service and an excellent strategy of direct marketing. Company offers respectable and quality services to its customers while protecting their privacy. It is providing a gift-wrap option for customers, apart from providing door delivery services. Company uses encryption technology on website to protect the transaction information. Coller Campbell (Liberty) In all of Europe, Collier Campbell is considered as one of the finest textile design company The state-of-art privileged the company to design patterned fabrics for Yves Saint Laurent and Marks and Spencer. The company has tapped success market through strategic partnerships with Martex and MEIER. Company advertises its products on a large scale to promote sales growth. Much of its growth is contributed by media relations, programs, retailers and partnerships. Cotton fabrics give an aesthetic appeal while beatifying simplicity. The selection of colors and its combination appears as classic design. The company offers a fabric menu viz. , egg plant and rose wood, Black berry and Raisin etc. , The company received a medal in the year 1986, from Worldwide Organization for Textiles including clothing and footwear. Conran Sir Terence Conran is the founder of Conran Group. The company was incorporated with the principal activity of architecture, design and the operation of restaurants and shops in Europe, the USA and Japan. Currently the company is running twenty restaurants and eight Conran Shops in London, Paris New York and Japan. While company’s restaurants in Britain are essentially known as dynamic, Conran shops are very selective and leading in retail business in marketing and selling of well-designed furniture and home furnishings. Most of the pieces are very exclusive to the credit of Conran shops. Anna French Anna opened her showroom in the year 1989 on Kings Road, Chelsea. She works on the development of designs for life style, tableware and furniture as a complete package for interiors and home decors. All her designs are created in Anna’s London Studio and marketed worldwide. Terrence Conran [exclusive discussion] Sir Terrence Conran is a designer and an entrepreneur. He was born in London in 1931. His career began with textile design in 1952 and after working at Royal Centre, he started his own furniture making business Conran Co. , Hitherto, even after a great achieving a great success, 73 year old English designer is always busy in designing chairs, sofas, vases ; restaurants and cafes; apartment rooms and hotels. In 1953, opened first restaurant ‘soup kitchen’ and after three years, in 1956 he founded Conran Design Group in London. His present experience spans over five decades in designing making him the doyen in designing and restaurant industry. His chain of stores and restaurants are dynamic and professionally organized. Conran’s contribution to design and architecture won him recognition of various professional organizations and Governments. Sir Terence Conran has placed himself as a leader in textile and designing industry for his versatility and record of experience of work. He has been awarded with several highest honors and medals for excellent models in the field of designing. He is of great advantage to the upcoming designers and textile companies. Ive always seen myself as a designer first, rather than a businessman, he once confessed†. 3 â€Å"My belief is simply that if reasonable and intelligent people are offered something that is well-made, well-designed, of a decent quality, and at a price they can afford, then they will like it and buy it. †4 Philosophy of Sir Terence Conran Group The company is earmarked with a massive success in business with 20 restaurants and eight Conran shops all over the world. The company adheres to the beliefs and aims in offering quality services with competitive prices to customers. The administration and staff shoulder a duty bound responsibility in delivering a high degree of service and also in developing the company’s business. Conran Restaurants offer people a wide range of tastes and blending favours in food. Conran shop sells exclusive pieces of furniture and home furnishings, which very well meet the demands of all range of customers. Association for Stimulating Know-How (ASK) The Conran shop, with the association of ASK has set up a school called ‘SANKALP’ in metal working region in India. A society based work for providing education to 200 children is being funded by Conran shop. â€Å"It is a great to work with our partners ASK on the Sankalp School in Moradabad. It now provides a place of education that not only over 200 children enjoy, but also a place the surrounding community, benefit from. †5- Jill Webb, Conran Limited Educational charity and a Chef Apprentice programme Conran also established an educational charity in 1980 to fund children for education and welfare. To develop an interest in restaurant careers among young people and students, an apprentice programme has been introduced as ‘Chef Apprenctice Programme. This programme encourages the new recruits to work as well study and make career in hospitality industry. A brief discussion Conran Group Conran Holdings This is the parent company of Conran Group. The main business of the company is architecture and design, operation of restaurants and shops in Europe, USA and Japan. Conran Restaurants Founded in 1991, Conran Restaurants are the most dynamic restaurants in Britain. The chain of restaurants are in UK, London, Paris, New York with many new ventures under plan. The Bluebird Restaurant has a seating capacity for 190 people at one time and can work on large or small group of reservations. Conran Partners This company has an expertise in master planning, architecture, interior design, product design and graphic design. Many outstanding designs of architecture and interiors have been created through this company. Conran Shop The Conran shop started its activities in 1973. It offers a wide range of selective, contemporary, well designed furniture and home furnishings. Also the shop offers a wide variety of web services all over the world. The company is exceedingly successful in retail business in the world. It offers articles for the following categories.

Principles of Economic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Principles of Economic - Essay Example If both countries are closed economies, i.e., they do not participate in any trade then both countries will produce both goods by allocating half of their resources to each of the goods, tomatoes and clothes in our case. Consider the hypothetical table below: They cannot produce entire amounts of both goods at the same time. However, participating in international trade and specialization can help increase their production possibilities. Since Pakistan is better at cloth production while Germany is better at tomatoes production, Pakistan is said to have an absolute advantage in cloth production and Germany in tomatoes production. Therefore, common sense suggests that each should specialize in the good in which they have an absolute advantage and as a result, each of them would be better off than they were before. This means that Pakistan should produce 400 clothes and no tomatoes and Germany should produce 400 tomatoes and no clothes. Therefore, Pakistan can now import 200 tomatoes from Germany while Germany can import 200 clothes from Pakistan, thereby each of them realizing a gain of 150 from international trade and specialization. Clearly there is a gain from international trade and specialization in the form of increased production possibilities. ... Therefore, Pakistan can now import 200 tomatoes from Germany while Germany can import 200 clothes from Pakistan, thereby each of them realizing a gain of 150 from international trade and specialization. Cloth Tomatoes Total production (without trade) 250 250 Total production (with trade) 400 400 Clearly there is a gain from international trade and specialization in the form of increased production possibilities. However, even when, for instance, Germany has an absolute advantage in the production of both tomatoes and clothes, participating in international trade and specialization can increase its production possibilities and increase world trade. The theory of comparative advantage says that it should specialize in those goods which it can produce with relatively greater efficiency and import the other. However, we must remember that the above was based on two countries and two products only. In the real world, there are many products and countries involved. However, this model can be extended to include any number of countries or products. Other assumptions are also involved such as production costs are constant and there are no restrictions on international trade. In reality, this is not true. Nevertheless, we can conclude that international trade and specialization can increase world trade through the theories of absolute and comparative advantage. Q2 (a) (i) Price of Mangoes - $ / kg Quantity Demanded - 000/kg Quantity supplied-000/kg $6.00 220 400 $5.50 240 360 $5.00 260 320 $4.50 280 280 $4.00 300 240 $3.50 320 200 $3.00 340 160 Equilibrium quantity= 280000

ENaC and Hypertension Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

ENaC and Hypertension - Essay Example However, for individuals past the age of 45, the incidences of hypertension rise and affect more women than men [1]. In the U.S. 25% of Americans suffer from hypertension. High blood pressure varies amongst ethnic groups where African Americans have the highest risk for hypertension among Americans. Forty percent of African Americans have hypertension and it is more likely to be manifested at an earlier age than Caucasians. Hypertension is the primary cause of 25% of deaths in America today. Additionally, 47% of individuals with hypertension have blood pressure that is not under control. Most of hypertensives are resistant to common medications. They have to take more than one medication to render their blood pressure stable[3]. The pathogenesis of hypertension remains unknown. Blood pressure must be regulated to prevent damaging of vital organs. From this point, studying the molecular basis and human protein level of this disease is needed for early detection and for distinguish ing markers and designing targeting therapy. The kidneys play a major role in hypertension mainly in the maintenance of sodium balance within the body. They also maintain the balance of the volume of extracellular fluid that leads to the long term control of blood pressure. Therefore, any imbalance in sodium entry expands the blood volume leading to hormonal and vascular change in the kidneys and increasing blood pressure [2]. In relation to the various mechanisms involved in hypertension’s inheritance, two major categories exist. These are Mendelian hypertension and essential hypertension. The Mendelian form of hypertension occurs because of a single or small number of genes which are defective. These can also be either dominant or recessive [4]. In contrast, essential hypertension, which is a heterogeneous disorder of hypertension, is more complex and does not follow the kind of inheritance

Recently economic issue about Wall Street Journal Essay

Recently economic issue about Wall Street Journal - Essay Example The country will highly need assistance from foreign countries in order to grow effectively. Apart from the challenges being posed by Europe and China, United States also face other economical crises such as decrease of commodity prices, the current instability in stock markets, and decline in demand and output in big developing markets such as Brazil. Another aspect affecting world’s economic status is the political tension in many countries resulting from the current Ebola virus outbreak (2). Although United States is the world’s economic growth engine, with many countries not performing may negatively affect the country’s economic growth. Another factor that affects the U.S. economic growth is the rigid economy that has being affected by years of uneven growth. According to estimates made by Goldman Sachs economists, tight conditions of financial market can shave approximately 0.3 percent from American’s economic growth before the end of next year. However, if the bonds and stocks’ weakness proves to be temporary, this hit would decrease by approximately half. The global financial crisis has resulted in a decrease in revenues of the big business organizations in the United States such as McDonald’s Corp. both the internal and external factors affecting the country’s economic growth have proved to be more severe and formidable than it was expected. The author of this article, Josh and Nick, try to discuss the global financial issues that are currently affecting the economy of the world. According to the content of the article, global economic crisis started to affect the world’s economy in the year 2008. The increase of global financial crisis, have resulted to decrease in world stock. In addition, big financial organizations are collapsing, and rich countries’ governments have started to come up with a rescue package that will aid in overcoming these crises. Some impacts of global financial issues

Online Recruitment: Advantages and Disadvantages

Online Recruitment: Advantages and Disadvantages Online recruitment uses internet to find people to jobs. Fundamentally, it is advertising vacancies on the job sites or corporate websites. At this basic level it is particularly effective at getting a greater level of response. While it may generate lots of applications than traditional print advertising, simply attracting more candidates is only the part of the job. The current state is that truly effective online recruitment can be as low as 10 percent of the top blue-chip corporate companies. The original strength power of online recruitment is when it is done properly, lie in controlling internet technology to not just attract the candidates but to deal with them also. In this sense it is also about streamlining the recruitment process, so busy human resource departments can give a good recruitment service to their colleagues in finance, marketing, sales and manufacturing and moreover it frees up more of their time for other potential tasks. A specialized software provider such as Human Resource Portal can develop bespoke application programmes for recruiters that will save their time, effort and financial resorces. They can automatically perform the pre-selection process by setting killer questions (that only top candidates could answer correctly), profiling and scoring, psychometric tests and automatic CV scans to look for key areas such as qualifications and experience What some companies and what u think of e rec-current thinking Those companies that use online job application systems, instead of traditional recruitment methods can get a greater number of applicants aged over thirties and premium quality candidates overall, according to new research. The research done by academics in Ireland and by Eastern Kentucky University in the U.S was presented a week ago at a conference of British Psychological Society.The study mainly focused at concerns that the huge rise in the use of e-recruitment practices over recent years had decreased the number of applications from older female candidates.Studies conducted over the past 4 years, the research of more 3,000 people applying for administrative posts in Irish Civil Service compared the type of population applying when the application process was was done through e-recruitment and paper based method.The survey found that the number of elder applicants (aged 30 60 years) increased with the practice of the internet selection systemThere was no change on the number of females applying for various posts but the overall quality of candidates was have improved.Number of candidates on selection tests were higher for online applicants than pre-online applicants.Results also proved that the n ew media could widen the diversity of people attracted to it, and brought into, organisations, said the BPS.The societys conference heard researchproving that employees perform better at work if they have better psychological health and if their department heads show them good commitment.The study was conducted by Professor Cary Cooper, of Lancaster University Management School and the director of Manchester-based consultancy Robertson Cooper, and included 16,000 employees aged between 16 and 60 across 15 different firms.Participants filled a questionnaire created to assess their levels of stress at workplace, rating their perceptions of work stressors, organizational commitment their health. Professor Cooper told: We found that the employees who rated their performance mostly had a better psychological health and rated their organizations for showing greater commitment to them. This shows that employers investment in the well-being of their employees is not just a moral obligation; it also pays dividends in context of productivity and profitability.The conference also heard research showing that the employees who feel strong emotional bond to the organization are most likely to be willing to recommend the organization to others and help the operation succeed.Other research, by an occupational psychologist David Sharpley, was based on a survey of more than thousand people working in a local government.Main aspects of the management behaviour, along with the perception that the organization supported employees development, were found to have been critical in creating a strong emotional bond sense of engagement.Employees who felt that they were performing meaningful work, and who were clear about the role they were fulfilling were most likely to be higjly motivated.Employee engagement has a direct effect on the productivity, so it is important for the managers to understand the factors that help us to build engagement the barriers that stifle it, said Sharpley.This study conveys that how important it is that people should know what they are doing, why they are doing it should feel that their personal development is supported by their management, he added. PRACTICE OF E-RECRUITMENT. There has been a huge increase in e-recruitment as compared to as before. Since middle of 2006 in the UK, E-recruitment have increased more than 40% from the previous year. While the trend for online recruitment has been expanding. Over half of the respondents agree that the quality of online applications is very hit and miss. (26.1%) disagree with this statement, which suggest that online recruitment is a better strategy for omly certain roles. Although there is a trend in favour of online recruitment, the results show that there is still a high level of constrains with regard to the ability of online recruitment to attract high quality and diverse candidates. Most of the organizations clearly have a long way to go in developing an online recruitment strategy. While there has certainly been a shift in recruitment and assessment being done online,ourresults suggest that online is only a single aspect of resourcing strategy and a mixed strategy with a mix of media is still proving mos t effective. Current state of Online Recruitment System The numbers of e-recruitment sites seem to multiplying day by day as it is facilitating the recruitment process in more than one ways. Initially, it was observed that this process was embraced by big IT firms but now, it is becoming the part of every organization in business world. The advantages and disadvantages of online recruitment The advantages of online recruitment Cost effective Pasting a job vacancy on your own company website does not cost you anything, while putting on a job board usually costs a couple of hundred pounds . When you consider that a recruitment consultant fee for a candidate could be anything up to 20% of the first years salary, and that advertising in a national newspaper can cost thousands, you can immediately see the cost savings with online recruitment. Online recruitment is quick A job vacancy can be put on a job site in the morning, the first applications arrive by lunchtime, and a candidate is interviewed by end of the day. Of course It isnt often like this. But the fact that such things happen quickly gives us an indication of just how quick E-recruitment can be. Online recruitment gives you a better chance of success Traditional print advertising whether national, local or trade press faces limitations: the success of a vacancy advertisement depends on people looking upon the ad on a particular page and in a particular issue. Online recruitment is completely different. A job vacancy advertisement on a website is there 24 X 7 ,for as long as you desire. Candidates can come back to it again and again. From office administrator to Financial Director: they are all online. Online recruitment gives you a bigger audience Many people who are new to online recruitment think that using job sites is only effective if you are looking for young net-savvy Facebook-type people. This simply isnt the case. Research consistently shows that the average age of candidates using job sites is around 35 years old.Online recruitment is now a standard part of most peoples job hunting regardless of the age. Online recruitment is easy Posting a job on your own site is easy enough. Most of the job sites and CV databases are very user-friendly and you dont need to have vast knowledge of IT to post a vacancy advertisement. Usually, all you need is your job description, a bit of time and a credit card. And, if you have any problems the job board sales team to help you.   The disadvantages of online recruitment Too many candidates It is a fact that dealing with irrelevant and bad candidates is the main problem of a HR manager. Spam candidates can waste lot of time. However, with a bit of thought about what job site you use, how you write your job description and using candidate screening and filtering tools on job boards, it is possible to reduce the number of irrelevant applicants. It wont always work Online recruitment doesnt work every time. Every job vacancy cannot be posted or filled online. There will always be difficult-to-fill jobs that can only be filled  by recruitment consultants, headhunters or in other ways. However, most companies tend to hire for pretty standard job roles so this is seldom an issue. And with more and more job seekers choosing the internet to look for jobs, and more and more job sites and job boards specializing in ever more diverse areas, those difficult-to-fill jobs are becoming less day by day.

Helen Of Troy :: Ancient Greece Greek History

Helen Of Troy Helen was the most beautiful woman in the entire Greek known world. She was the daughter of the god Zeus and of Leda, and wife of the King of Sparta. The hero Theseus, who hoped in time to marry her, abducted her in childhood but her brothers rescued her. Because Helen was courted by so many prominent heroes, Menelaus made all of them swear to abide by Helen's choice of a husband, and to defend that husband's rights should anyone attempt to take Helen away by force. Helen's beauty was the direct cause of the Trojan War. The ten-year conflict began when the three goddesses Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite asked the Trojan prince Paris to choose the most beautiful among them. After each of the goddesses had attempted to influence his decision, Paris chose Aphrodite, who had promised him the world's most beautiful woman. Soon afterward Paris sailed to Greece, where Helen and her husband hospitably received him, Menelaus, king of Sparta. Helen, as the fairest of her sex, was the prize destined for Paris. Although she was living happily with Menelaus, Helen fell under the influence of Aphrodite and allowed Paris to persuade her to run off with him, and he carried her off to Troy. Menelaus then called upon the Greek leaders, including Helen's former suitors, to help him rescue his wife, and with few exceptions they responded to his call. Agamemnon his brother led the forces to Troy. During ten years of conflict, the Greeks and Trojans fought irresolutely. Then Paris and Menelaus agreed to meet in single combat between the opposing armies, and Helen was summoned to view the duel. As she approached the tower, where the aged King Priam and his counselors sat, her beauty was still so matchless and her sorrow so great that no one could feel for her anything but compassion. Although the Greeks claimed the vic tory in the battle between the two warriors, Aphrodite helped Paris escape from the enraged Menelaus by enveloping him in a cloud and taking him safely to Helen's chamber, where Aphrodite compelled the unwilling Helen to lie with him. Unable to capture the city after a siege of ten years, the Greeks resorted to strategy. Agamemnon's forces, namely Odysseus, came up with a plan. They sailed away and left the Trojan horse, filled with armed warriors, on the shore. Sinon, a Greek spy, persuaded the Trojans to take the horse into the city, convincing them that to do so would mysteriously make Troy invulnerable.

Comparison Between the Taming of the Shrew and 10 Things I Hate About You Essay

In the movie â€Å"10 Things I Hate About You†, there are a lot of similarities to â€Å"The Taming of the Shrew† by William Shakespeare. For example, most of the similarities have to do with power relationships, courtship and dating, and sisters. The main characters in both the writing and movie have the same personalities. Bianca is played as the perfect innocent teenager and Kate is portrayed as a spiteful, bad tempered person. Also, their father is still very strict. As one would think, the themes between these two pieces are very alike as well. The theme of many people wanting to all date the same person relates to both of these pieces. For example, in the movie the two boys are fighting over who gets Bianca, just like in Shakespeare’s writing. Both of the plots have the same general idea too. They are both about a younger sister forbidden to date/marry before the cruel older sister does so. Both stories have similarities and differences in plot, theme and characters. Bianca and Kate are sisters who face sibling rivalry between each other. It is more apparent in the movie of â€Å"10 Things I Hate About You† that Kate is resentful towards Bianca for being favored by their father. It is obvious to her that Bianca is appreciated more than her. One of the most noticeable power relationships is between Batista and his daughters Kate and Bianca. This is because he makes it very clear that Bianca isn’t allowed to marry until Kate is married, but in the movie they are only allowed to date. Also, Bianca knows that her father compares her to Kate when he says that she is not allowed to date until Kate does first. A different type of relationship shown in these stories is deception. The female ideas on courtship/dating in this movie is very different from in Shakespeare’s writing. For example, in the modern movie it is more common to date and isn’t so serious as in the writing of â€Å"The Taming of the Shrew† because they ordinarily get married young. Shakespeare made the writing of â€Å"The Taming of the Shrew† universal so that any audience can understand it and enabled it to be made into a modern film. Although there are many similarities there had to be different changes made so that the movie would appeal to people nowadays. Something that was stressed more in the modern movie was the dishonesty and deception with who Kate was dating/marrying. In the movie, her date was paid to take her out and she eventually found out the truth and was very upset but in the story written by Shakespeare, she did not figure it out and lived happily ever after. It is more common for modern viewers to relate to the betrayal and it was expected more because of the circumstances. Overall, â€Å"The Taming of the Shrew† and â€Å"10 Things I Hate About You† are very similar and bring back an old tale with a modern twist that everyone can relate to.

Fiction and film essay

Fiction and film essay " A good filmic adaption of a novel is true to the novel's form and content". Critically examine this statement in the light of the filmic adaptions of novels you have read for this course.In this essay I will argue that a good filmic adaption must be true to a novel's form and content. I will use as my argument the novels Jane Eyre, by Charlotte Bronte, and Les Liaisons Dangereuses, by Choderlos De Laclos; and the films Jane Eyre, directed by Franco Zeffirelli and Dangerous Liaisons, directed by Stephen Frears. For a good filmic adaption to occur, the film must represent the distinction of and capture the sensations that are produced by a novel. It must allow for its meaning and portrayal to be of the same critical and expedient standard of the novel. This leads me to my thesis: A good filmic adaptation must depict the general and popular themes of the novel, and thus comply the visual imagery of the screen with the essence and imagery more strongly purports by the author of the nov el.English: Count Valmont, frontispiece for 'Les Lias...I will draw upon two elements of both novels: Concept, with the examples of feminism and passion; and form, with the examples of time, spaces and point of view.The protagonist and leading characters of the novels portray feminism, in both novels. In Jane Eyre we see a woman whose morals and dignity surpassed the pressure of society of the imposed duty of marriage for women. Marriage again becomes a strong theme in Les Liaisons Dangereuses, as the 'satanic heroine', Marquise de Merteuil, used marriage as a weapon to learn how to empower men: "The first night (with husband)...offered me only a further opportunity for experience" p183. Jane's individualism and strength, combined with the Marquise's manipulation and...

What Not to Buy When Giving Gifts in China

What Not to Buy When Giving Gifts in China While giving a gift is much appreciated in Asian countries as everywhere, there are some gifts that are absolute no-nos in China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan.   In these countries, politeness, in particular, polite language, is an important part of gift-giving. It is always polite to give gifts at festivities, or when youre attending special celebrations such as a wedding or housewarming, visiting the sick, or attending a dinner with people one doesnt know well. Some gifts have subtle meanings associated with the name or the pronunciation of the name. You wouldnt want to remind a sick person about death or funerals, nor would you want to hint to people youve never met that you never  want to see them again. Here are some gifts which have names with subtle linguistic impoliteness. Avoid these Chinese gift-giving blunders. Gifts with Subtle Meanings 1. Clocks Clocks of any type should be avoided because é€ Ã© Ëœ (sà ²ng zhÃ… ng, send clock) sounds like é€ Ã§ µâ€š (sà ²ng zhÃ… ng),  the funeral ritual. Clocks also symbolize the truth that time is running out; therefore, giving a clock is a subtle reminder that relationships and life have an end.   2. Handkerchiefs To give a handkerchief to someone (é€ Ã¥ · ¾, sà ²ng jÄ «n) sounds like æâ€" ·Ã¦   ¹ (dungÄ“n), a farewell greeting. This gift is especially inappropriate for a boyfriend or girlfriend - unless you want to break up. 3. Umbrellas Offering your friend an umbrella may seem an innocent gesture; however, its subtle meaning is that you want to end your friendship with him or her. If it is raining and you are worried he or she will get wet, it is better for both of you to huddle under your umbrella until you reach your friend’s destination. Then, take the umbrella back home with you. 4. Gifts in Sets of Four Gifts in sets of four are not good because å›› (sà ¬, four) sounds like æ ­ » (sÇ , death). 5. Shoes, Particularly Straw Sandals Giving shoes é€ Ã©Å¾â€¹Ã¥ ­  (sà ²ng xià ©zi, give shoes) sounds similar to break up. Also giving two shoes sends the message that you want the person to go his or her separate way; thus, ending your friendship. 6. Green Hats A green hat is a metaphor in Chinese Ã¥ ¸ ¶Ã§ ¶  Ã¥ ¸ ½ (di lÇÅ" mo, with green hat) that means that a man’s wife is unfaithful. Why green? A turtle is green and turtles hide their heads in their shells, so calling someone a ‘turtle’ will get you in trouble because its like calling the person a coward. Gifts Which Explicitly Refer to Funerals or Break-ups 7. Towels Towels are gifts which are usually given out at funerals, so avoid giving this gift in other contexts. 8. Sharp Objects Like Knives and Scissors Giving sharp objects that are used to cut things suggests that you want to sever a friendship or relationship. 9. Cut Flowers Particularly Yellow Chrysanthemums/White Flowers Yellow chrysanthemums and white flowers of any kind are used at funerals, so giving white flowers is synonymous with death. 10. Anything in White or Black These colors are often used during funerals so presents, wrapping paper and envelopes in these colors should be avoided.

Organization Selection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Organization Selection - Essay Example The Professional Standard Committee regularly reviews the RPC to ensure the timely change required in the changing environment of Canada in the workplace. The RPC has eight functional elements which apply to the academic along with experiential knowledge. The academic knowledge is based on the policies, privileges and accountabilities of the labor as well as the management, training development and human rights along with payments. Conversely, the experimental knowledge is based on wisdom acquired from the academic knowledge. Experimental knowledge incorporates the ethical issues, which enables to deal with the high profile people strategically. The RPC for the purpose of staffing in Canada deals with identifying the potential sources of candidates to support the organization’s strategic directions. The purpose of staffing is to attract competent candidates and to evaluate the effectiveness of recruiting by following the benchmarking techniques and analytical tools. Analyzing the areas for the selection and establishing the screening–assessment procedure are also key constituents of staffing. It also entails establishing the procedure for appointment based on the various concepts such as past experience and testing techniques. The subsequent step relates to developing contracts for employment following the norms of the organization wherein any misconduct might lead to termination. Furthermore, developing strategy for maintaining and protecting assets of the company is ensured by preserving the dignity of the employees. (Human Resource Professional of Newfoundland & Labrador, n.d; Catano et al., 2009). Question 2 The preparation of annual report of an organization on the basis of the recruitment and selection depends on various functional aspects. The purpose of the annual report is to exhibit the efficiency and effectiveness of the functions. The purpose of the recruitment and selection process is to absorb the right person for the right position in accordance with the skills required. The reputation of the company depends on the employees of the organization. Thus, emphasizing the importance of selection and recruitment is important. It is one of the guiding values, which adds to the success of the company. The transparency in the activities of the employees adds value to the organization. Adoption of a fair approach for selection and employing the best candidates for the right job are the key values followed by the organization. The importance of the R&S process depends largely on the perception of the person and self-evaluation of the person (Rees & French, 2010). The annual report will largely focus on the key aspects for attracting and recruiting staff in the organization. These strategic approaches are implemented for the purpose of R&S. The ability of the qualified candidates in ensuring the achievement of the company objective through their strategic decisions is valued and estimated through the annual report. The gr owing needs of the organization in accordance with the policies and practices are also valued and evaluated all through the year to judge the effectiveness of the R&S process. The qualified candi

Mathematics Assignment Math Problem Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mathematics Assignment - Math Problem Example 1 m3 = 100 cm3 = 0.86 tonnes Then, divide both sides by 10 10 Cubic cms = 0.086 tonnes (b) What volume of soil weighs 3 kg 1 ton = 1000 kg Then, 0.86 tonnes = 860 kg = 1 m3 So, 1 m3 = 860 kg Multiply both sides by 3/860 3/860 m3 = (3*860) / 860 kg 0.0035 m3 = 3 kg 14. If 10 men take 3 days to complete a task (a) How long will it take 6 men to complete the task 10*3 = 6*x 30/6 = x = 5 (b) If the task is to be completed in two days how many men are required 10*3 = x*2 X = 30/2 = 15 15. Draw the graph of 5x + 2y 10 = 0 and determine the x and y intercepts When x=0, 5(0) + 2y = 10 Y= 10/2 = 5 (x,y) = (0,5) Similarly, when y=0. 5x + 2(0) = 10 X = 10/5 = 2 (x,y) = (2,0) 16. The distance travelled by a train and the corresponding times are given by Time, hrs 0 0.5 1.5 2.5 Distance, kms 0 38 114 190 Plot the graph of distance as a function of time and determine the equation of the line. Equation of the line, y = mx +c Where, c = y-intercept & m = slope of the line = here, as the graph shows c = 0, whereas, let us consider (0,0) and (0.5,38) to determine m. m = (38 - 0) / (0.5 - 0) = 76 So, the equation of the line is: y = 76x + 0 or y = 76x 17. A ball is thrown upward with an initial velocity 55 m/sec. The speed of the ball decreases uniformly with time and after 5 secs its velocity is 6 m/sec. (a) Determine the equation relating the velocity of the ball and time. Here, there are 2 coordinates given, i.e. (55,0) and (6,5) considering time is plotted on the y-axis. As per the graph in part b, c (y-intercept) = 5.6 and m = (5-0)/(6-55) = -5/49 Therefore, the equation will be, + 5.6 Or 49y +5x = 274.4 (b) Draw the graph of this equation. (c) Determine the time at which the... The negative velocity in this example would be a hypothetical state to achieve. The equation for such a case will be bound by constraints, ensuring no negative values can be put in for time and velocity.

Playing Dual Roles in Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Playing Dual Roles in Organizations - Essay Example These people were voted on by a review committee and part of the determining factor was that these people were not meeting the standards and objectives that Enron created. Those who did meet the standards often received millions of dollars in bonuses. Therefore, this particular system made it so that employees were rewarded for doing what Enron wanted and punished for when they didn’t. This fostered a dangerous mindset, especially since the company was unethical. Following groups norms is similar to peer pressure in that people are persuaded to do something or behave in a certain way solely because everyone else is doing or behaving in the exact same manner. In this particular documentary, traders followed group norms by being very ruthless. It was noted that due to the competitive atmosphere, people would slit each other’s throats or stomp on each other’s throats in order to get to the top. Additionally, one trader said that he did not ask questions about the unethical practices because nobody else was. Both examples illustrate an overall acceptance of values and standards due to the fact that â€Å"everyone was doing it† or was commonplace behavior. Andrew Fastow who was the CFO of Enron was assigned the role of being in charge of the money and financial aspects of Enron. The movie discusses how Fastow essentially lied to investors by convincing them to put money into the company without really receiving anything of actual value in return. He kept Enron afloat by creating a variety of bogus companies and having investors such as banks place money on them. Additionally, he skimmed money off the top of these accounts to the tune of $45 million. Fastow’s role as CFO gave him access to a lot of money and power. It appears that he was set up as a fall guy in a way since a lot of the crime had to do with the accounting aspect of the business which Fastow was largely in charge of. It can either be said that the role of CFO corrupted Fastow and he perpetrated fraud as a means of fulfilling his greed.

Psychological Testing Essay Example for Free

Psychological Testing Essay This paper is all about the uses and varieties of personality and projective tests. It aims to determine which tool is more reliable and valid to use in measuring and predicting the behavior of an individual. Furthermore, this paper discusses the uniformity of two different texts used containing the same stance that personality tests exceed the projective terms in terms of convenience to use, reliability, and validity. Personality and Projective Tests Introduction Personality and projective tests are psychological tests used to measure and evaluate the behavior of individuals in the school, community, and even workplace setting. The tests function to determine the difference of personalities among different individuals (examinees) taking the same test. Upon taking the test, interpretation of examinees’ scores would depend on their respective test results. However, in this paper, researchers of different psychological tests suggest that personality tests are more reliable and valid compared to projective tests. Personality and Projective Tests Albert Hood Richard Johnson (2008), a member of the American Counseling Association, collaborated to come up with Assessment in Counseling (2008), a book which discusses the different types of personality and projective tests. In the text, samples of personality tests include the following: the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory/MMPI2, Jackson’s Personality Research Form (PRF), Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), California Psychological Inventory (CPI), and the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO PI-R). Further, CPI scale where 16 PF is adapted is recommended to be used for marriage and career counseling, job performance appraisals, and evaluation of management skills in the workplace. On the other hand, the different projective tests include the following: the Rorschach Ink Blot Test, Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), House-Tree-Person (HTP), Roter Incomplete Sentences Blank, and Early Recollection. However, the Rorschach Inkblot Test was found to be the most commonly used projective technique to make inference of an individual’s behavior. In addition, Anne Anastasi (Dept. of Psychology in Fodrham University) and Susana Urbina (Dept. of Psychology in University of Florida) (2002), in their book Psychological Testing, suggest that personality tests are far better to use than projective tests since the latter is more complicated to execute and is more prone to erroneous interpretation regardless of the examiner’s years of experience in handling the test. Scope of the Literature Problem and Significance of the Problem The significance of the problem is to answer the question: â€Å"Which is a better tool to predict the behavior of an individual, is it the personality or the projective tests? † Research problem(s) Explored in the Study The two articles reviewed focus on the problem whether personality tests, observation, and inventories are more reliable, predictive tool in measuring the behavior of an individual rather than the projective tests. Hypothesis in the study Hypothesis of this study suggests that using personality inventories or psychological tests are better than using projective tests to assess a person’s behavior. Research Design and Methodology Research design to be used is descriptive correlational. The approach or tool to be used is the Pearson (r) correlation to determine the relationship between the two variables. Conclusion Psychological tests are tools to measure and predict the behavior of an individual. Depending on its purpose, personality tests and projective tests aim to assess personalities in different settings such as school, workplace, and community. In school, the tests serve the college students’ need to be counseled for the career that suits their personality; at work, the tests are used to evaluate which candidate is more fit for the job; and in the community, the tests determine who are mentally healthy and who are not for providing welfare. References Anastasi, A. Urbina S. (2002). Psychological Testing. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc. Hood, A. B. Johnson R. (2008). Assessment in Counseling: A Guide to Psychological Assessment Procedures. Stevenson Avenue, Alexandria: American Counseling Association.

Correlation Between Gene Mutations and Phenylketonuria

Correlation Between Gene Mutations and Phenylketonuria Mutations of the Phenylalanine Hydroxylase Gene in Iranian Patients with Phenylketonuria Correlation between gene mutations and Phenylketonuria Alireza Biglari1, Fatemeh Saffari 2, Safarali Alizadeh3, Zahra Rashvand 3 , Reza Najafipour4, Mehdi Sahmani4 ABSTRACT Background: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive disease results from point mutations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene. Objectives: The aim of this study was the identification of sixteen different mutations in Iranian patients with hyperphenylalanemia. Patients and Methods: The mutations were detected during the characterization of PAH genotypes of 39 PKU patients from Qazvin and Zanjan provinces of Iran. Results: These mutations have been analyzed by using PCR and direct sequencing of PCR products, including the splicing sites and the promoter region of all 13 exons of PAH gene . A mutation detection rate of 74.3% was realized. Two mutations were found at high frequencies:R176X(10.25%) and P281L (10.25%).The frequencies of the other mutations were: p.R261Q(7.69%), p.R261X(5.12%), p.R252Q(5.12%),IVS2+5G>A(2.56%),IVS2+5G>C(2.56%),p.L48S(2.56%),c.632delC(2.56%), p.E280K(2.56%), p.R243Q(2.56%), p.I283N(2.56%), IVS9 +5G>A(2.56%), IVS9+1G>A(1.28%), IVS11+1G>C(1.28%), p.C357R(1.28%). Conclusions: The present results confirm the high heterogeneity of the PAH locus and contribute to information about the distribution and frequency of PKU mutations in the Iranian population Key Words: Phenylketonuria. PAH gene. Iranian population. mutation detection 1. Background Deficiency of hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) [EC.1.14.16.1] is the major frequent cause of hyperphenylalaninemia (1). Phenylalanine hydroxylase convert phenylalanine (Phe) to tyrosine. This enzyme encoded by PAH gene that located on chromosome 12q23.2. The PAH has 13 exons and 12 introns and is 90 kb in size (2). Mutations in any exon of this gene cause damage to the PAH enzyme. Defection of PAH lead to toxic accumulation of phenylalanine in the body fluids and cause damage to the nervous system. This injury can be resulted to growth failure, microcephaly, mental retardation and neurobehavioral abnormalities (3). Phenylketonuria (PKU, MIM# 261600) is one of the most common inborn prevalent disorders of amino acid metabolism characterized by a defect in the hepatic PAH and subsequently phenylalanine accumulation in body fluids (4). According to blood phenylalanine (Phe) levels, PKU has been classified as mild PKU, mild hyperphenylalaninemia (MHP) and classical PKU. Classical PKU is the most severe form of this disorder. Phenylalanine restricted dietary treatment prevents the neurotoxic complications of Phe and its metabolites if it is implemented at an early age (5). The prevalence of PKU varies worldwide. In Caucasians, the prevalence is about 1/10000 live births (5) while Iranian population incidence is 1/3627 (6). In fact, the high rate of consanguineous marriages in Iran may be a contributing factor to the high incidence (References ). The molecular bases of PKU have been studied in different populations, So far, more than several hundred different mutations in the PAH gene have been identified by the PAH Mutation Analysis Consortium in the PKU patients. These mutations have been listed in the PAH mutation Analysis Consortium database (http:// www. Pahb.mcgill.ca). The most frequently occurring type of PAH gene mutations are missense (7). The mutations of PAH gene demonstrate considerable ethnic groups and geographic areas variations (8). Previous researches have shown a correlation between PAH genotypes and metabolic phenotypes in PKU patients. Those studies have demonstrated the phenotypic relations of particular mutation combinations (9-11). Mutation analysis of a given population can be useful for the better understanding functional aspects of mutant proteins and the relationship between genotype and phenotype. 2. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular basis of PKU in all PKU Patients from two adjacent provinces of North West of IRAN; Qazvin and Zanjan. For this purpose, all 13 exons of the PAH gene of all patients were analyzed using direct sequencing for detecting of any genetic variations include mutations, polymorphisms and others. 3. Patients and Methods: In this descriptive study; we selected all children with known PAH deficiency living in Qazvin and Zanjan provinces. Thirty-nine unrelated children were enrolled after obtaining informed consents from the parents. All selected cases have several grades of mental retardation except few patients who have diagnosed during neonatal screening exam. Before molecular studies, The PAH activity and phenylalanine concentration of all patient serum samples were measured by standard conventional biochemical methods. The blood phenylalanine concentration ≠¥20 mg/dl was clinical criteria for classical PKUdiagnosis (12). Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood samples using Qiagen DNA purification kit (Valencia, CA, USA). Specific primers for all 13 exons of PAH gene were designed by primer 3 software and verified them by NCBI database. The PCR conditions for all exons were set experimentally based on each primer specifity. The primers and their reaction specificaions were summarized in table 4. The PCR tests were done by Verity ABI thermal cycler (ABI, USA). PCR products were electrophoresed in 2% agarose gel and visualized after staining by gel red nucleic acid stain (Biotiom; U.S.A). For scanning PAH gene in order to finding any variation in the 13 exons, all amplicons were sequenced by ABI 3130 genetic analyzer (ABI; USA) and the results were matched up to the human genomic DNA sequence in GenBank database to explore the probably mutations. Values were presented as the mean  ± standard deviation and statistical significance was defined as p0.05. All analyses, including the x2 test were carri ed out using SPSS 16 software (SPSS Inc. Chicago. IL. USA). Ethical Considerations of this study was approved by the ethics committee of Qazvin University of medical sciences (Ethic cods; ). 4. Results In this study, a total of 39 PKU patients were subjected to scanning PAH gene heterogeneity from Qazvin and Zanjan province. Among 39 patients, 24 come from the Qazvin province, 15 from the Zanjan. The subjects have 1 month to 10 years old. The serum phenylalanine concentration of all patients was ≠¥20 mg/dl. By whole genome sequencing method, 16 different mutations were found in 78 mutant alleles (Diagnostic efficiency 74.3%). The mutations included eight missense mutations (50%), five splice mutations (31%), two nonsense mutations (12.5%) and one deletion (6.25%). All of the mutations were reported in previous studies (REFERENCES). (Table 1). Exon 7, 6, 2 and the flanking intronic regions consist 85.5% of the mutant alleles. The most frequent of mutations were p.R176X and p.P281L by 10.5% frequency followed by p.R261Q (7.69%), p.R261X and p.R252Q (5.12%) which consist nearly 40% of all mutations. The p.R261X and p.R252Q Mutations were less frequent. All other mutations had frequencies less than 3%. Among the 39 unrelated families studied, 20 (51.2%) were homozygote, 6 (15.3%) heterozygote and 2 (5.12 %) were compound heterozygote and 11 (28.2%) were no PKU causing mutations. In addition, the p.L385L, p.Q232Q and p.V245V polymorphisms also were detected in our study with the frequency of 84%, 51% and 17% respectively. These polymorphisms were seen the highest prevalence in PAH gene at other reports (Table 2). Table 3 are shown genotypes of 39 PKU patients too. 5. Discussion In this research, we looked for genetic heterogeneity in 13 exons of the PAH gene of all PKU patients that admitted to Qazvin and Zanjan University of medical sciences health systems in order to finding causative PKU disease genetic factor. From this experiment, 29 of 39 PKU patients were found to contain the mutation in one or more exons of PAH gene. Our analysis of the homozygosity of the mutations were nearly similar to that observed in northwestern Iranian populations (13). The majority of the recognized mutations were situated in the catalytic domains (143-410 amino acid), and some of them (P281L, R252W) were located in the cofactor binding regions. The most common mutation in our subjects was P281L. These data have the same opinion with other results obtained from Iran (13-14). The P281L mutation in exon 7 with a relative frequency of 10.5% is C→T substitution that lead to conversation of Pro to Leu at codon 281 of PAH gene. The another more frequent mutation in our stu dy was p.R176X (10.25%) which is similar to data obtained from another study at Khorasan Razavi region (14). Previous study on the genotype / phenotype association demonstrated generally a positive correlation between R176 X mutation and classic phenotype (15). Several studies have reported IVS10-11G>A mutation. This is a splice mutation in the end of intron 10 that observed with a high incidence in Mediterranean region, Brazil and some area of Iran including East Azarbaijan, Semnan, Khorasan Razavi and Hamadan (16-19). However this mutation was not found in the present study. The virtual absence of this mutation in our study may reflect the regional variability of populations. The next most frequent mutation in present study was R261Q (7.69%) that occurs on a CpG mutation hotspot on exon 7 that leads to conversion of Arg to Gln at codon 261 of PAH. This mutation is common in the Mediterranean and southern Europe but low incidence in Spain (18, 20-21). We found also R243Q mutation i n 2.5% frequency while other researcher were found it in China and Korea in 18.2% and 12% frequency respectively. Most mutant alleles of PAH that manipulate its transcription and translation can decrease the intracellular stability of protein and finally reduce enzyme function completely. we also explore the association between mutations and polymorphism variations. We observed c.755G>A mutation and c.168+19T>C polymorphism on the same allele together. We also detected association between the p.Q232Q polymorphism and c.842C>T, C781C>T, c.782G>A, c.755G>A and c.526C>T mutations that occurred on the same allele in cis form. similar association have been reported in the previous study (14). In our study, the most mutant alleles were located on exon 7 and 6 (73%). Other studies in Iranian population were reported agreement results with our findings (14, 16). Thereby to plan detection strategy; the samples will be screened first for mutations in these regions. If mutations were not identified, the other exons and their adjacent will be tested. Our results of Iranian individuals with PKU confirm a heterogeneous spectrum of mutations, displaying different ethnic and geographical origins. Moreover, our findings were slightly different from other ethnic groups. These findings can be useful to genotype/phenotype relationship in patients and provide future some ability to confirmatory diagnostic testing, prognosis and predict severity of PKU patients. [V1] References: 1.Guldberg P, Rey F, Zschocke J, Romano V, Francois B, Michiels L, et al. A European multicenter study of phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency: classification of 105 mutations and a general system for genotype-based prediction of metabolic phenotype. American journal of human genetics. 1998 Jul;63(1):71-9. 2.Santos LL, Fonseca CG, Starling AL, Januario JN, Aguiar MJ, Peixoto MG, et al. Variations in genotype-phenotype correlations in phenylketonuria patients. Genetics and molecular research : GMR. 2010;9(1):1-8. 3.Zhang J, Meng J, Zhai X, Fang G, Gao J, Shi M, et al. [Identification of novel mutations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene of classical phenylketonuria]. Zhonghua yi xue yi chuan xue za zhi = Zhonghua yixue yichuanxue zazhi = Chinese journal of medical genetics. 2005 Apr;22(2):134-7. 4.Williams RA, Mamotte CD, Burnett JR. Phenylketonuria: an inborn error of phenylalanine metabolism. The Clinical biochemist Reviews / Australian Association of Clinical Biochemists. 2008 Feb;29(1):31-41. 5.Olsson GM, Montgomery SM, Alm J. Family conditions and dietary control in phenylketonuria. Journal of inherited metabolic disease. 2007 Oct;30(5):708-15. 6.Koochmeshgi J, Bagheri A, Hosseini-Mazinani SM. Incidence of phenylketonuria in Iran estimated from consanguineous marriages. Journal of inherited metabolic disease. 2002 Feb;25(1):80-1. 7.Scriver CR. The PAH gene, phenylketonuria, and a paradigm shift. Human mutation. 2007 Sep;28(9):831-45. 8.Zschocke J. Phenylketonuria mutations in Europe. Human mutation. 2003 Apr;21(4):345-56. 9.Kayaalp E, Treacy E, Waters PJ, Byck S, Nowacki P, Scriver CR. Human phenylalanine hydroxylase mutations and hyperphenylalaninemia phenotypes: a metanalysis of genotype-phenotype correlations. American journal of human genetics. 1997 Dec;61(6):1309-17. 10.Desviat LR, Perez B, Garcia MJ, Martinez-Pardo M, Baldellou A, Arena J, et al. Relationship between mutation genotype and biochemical phenotype in a heterogeneous Spanish phenylketonuria population. European journal of human genetics : EJHG. 1997 Jul-Aug;5(4):196-202. 11.Romano V, Guldberg P, Guttler F, Meli C, Mollica F, Pavone L, et al. PAH deficiency in Italy: correlation of genotype with phenotype in the Sicilian population. Journal of inherited metabolic disease. 1996;19(1):15-24. 12.Guttler F. Hyperphenylalaninemia: diagnosis and classification of the various types of phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency in childhood. Acta paediatrica Scandinavica Supplement. 1980;280:1-80. 13.Bonyadi M, Omrani O, Moghanjoghi SM, Shiva S. Mutations of the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene in Iranian Azeri Turkish patients with phenylketonuria. Genetic testing and molecular biomarkers. 2010 Apr;14(2):233-5. 14.Hamzehloei T, Hosseini SA, Vakili R, Mojarad M. Mutation spectrum of the PAH gene in the PKU patients from Khorasan Razavi province of Iran. Gene. 2012 Sep 10;506(1):230-2. 15.Acosta A, Silva W, Jr., Carvalho T, Gomes M, Zago M. Mutations of the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene in Brazilian patients with phenylketonuria. Human mutation. 2001 Feb;17(2):122-30. 16.Zare-Karizi S, Hosseini-Mazinani SM, Khazaei-Koohpar Z, Seifati SM, Shahsavan-Behboodi B, Akbari MT, et al. Mutation spectrum of phenylketonuria in Iranian population. Molecular genetics and metabolism. 2011 Jan;102(1):29-32. 17.Kleiman S, Avigad S, Vanagaite L, Shmuelevitz A, David M, Eisensmith RC, et al. Origins of hyperphenylalaninemia in Israel. European journal of human genetics : EJHG. 1994;2(1):24-34. 18.Rivera I, Leandro P, Lichter-Konecki U, Tavares de Almeida I, Lechner MC. Population genetics of hyperphenylalaninaemia resulting from phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency in Portugal. Journal of medical genetics. 1998 Apr;35(4):301-4. 19.Dianzani I, Giannattasio S, de Sanctis L, Alliaudi C, Lattanzio P, Dionisi Vici C, et al. Characterization of phenylketonuria alleles in the Italian population. European journal of human genetics : EJHG. 1995;3(5):294-302. 20.Perez B, Desviat LR, De Lucca M, Ugarte M. Spectrum and origin of phenylketonuria mutations in Spain. Acta paediatrica. 1994 Dec;407:34-6. 21.Loeber JG. Neonatal screening in Europe; the situation in 2004. Journal of inherited metabolic disease. 2007 Aug;30(4):430-8. Table 1 spectrum and frequency of PAH mutations identified in 39 patients Table 2 PAH polymorphisms identified in 39 patients Table 3 Distributional genotypes in 39 PKU patients Genotype Polymorphism Number of patients u/u c.168+19T>C , c.1155G>C,c.696A>G 1 c.838G>Ap.E280K/ c.838G>Ap.E280K c.735G>A,c.912G>A,c.1155C>G 1 u/u

Auditor Liability :: Business Accounting

Auditor Liability Recently, the question of liability has become more prevalent in the practice of public accounting. The AICPA has been lobbying for liability reform in cases involving negligence or malpractice by public accountants. Opposition to this lobbying has come from consumer advocacy organizations, trial lawyers' associations, and state public interest groups to name a few. (Bolinger p. 53) The key to success for the AICPA, according to Gary M. Bolinger is creating an image as a, "profession performing high-quality services but faced with excessive liability burdens that harm the public interest." (Bolinger p.56) One should not be concerned, however, in the pending political outcome, but in weighing the evidence argued by both sides and developing a sound reasonable basis. Therefore, the remainder of this document shall concern itself with comparing the prevalen t arguments of both sides against one another and drawing a conclusion based on the evidence. Opponents of liability reform rely heavily on an idealistic constitutional argument as well as an economic argument to foster their point. The main components of their argument are as follows: Limiting recovery of loss has a detrimental effect on those which are harmed by alleged negligence. The cost of liability is reasonable when compared to total revenues, and in light of a CPA's public responsibility. Indemnity insurance spreads risk in the aggregate therefore removing the element of risk at the f irm level. The threat of litigation provides public accountants with a deterrent against negligent work. Finally, the results of lawsuits cause the profession itself to implement new standards. (Bolinger p.54) The AICPA and its supporters have developed their argument based on continued liability's likely effect on the profession as well as an economic argument. The arguments in favor of liability reform include the effect of continued liability on the availab ility of CPA services. The likelihood of fee increases resulting from liability risk. The threat of the inability of public accounting to obtain and retain qualified individuals. (Bolinger p.56) Finally, the complexities involved in the audit engagemen t and the subjective decision making process versus the ability of a given jury to understand and levy a fair decision in such cases. After examining the arguments of both sides one will see that litigation in its current form is a hindrance to the accou nting profession as well as society, and the benefits provided by litigation are Auditor Liability :: Business Accounting Auditor Liability Recently, the question of liability has become more prevalent in the practice of public accounting. The AICPA has been lobbying for liability reform in cases involving negligence or malpractice by public accountants. Opposition to this lobbying has come from consumer advocacy organizations, trial lawyers' associations, and state public interest groups to name a few. (Bolinger p. 53) The key to success for the AICPA, according to Gary M. Bolinger is creating an image as a, "profession performing high-quality services but faced with excessive liability burdens that harm the public interest." (Bolinger p.56) One should not be concerned, however, in the pending political outcome, but in weighing the evidence argued by both sides and developing a sound reasonable basis. Therefore, the remainder of this document shall concern itself with comparing the prevalen t arguments of both sides against one another and drawing a conclusion based on the evidence. Opponents of liability reform rely heavily on an idealistic constitutional argument as well as an economic argument to foster their point. The main components of their argument are as follows: Limiting recovery of loss has a detrimental effect on those which are harmed by alleged negligence. The cost of liability is reasonable when compared to total revenues, and in light of a CPA's public responsibility. Indemnity insurance spreads risk in the aggregate therefore removing the element of risk at the f irm level. The threat of litigation provides public accountants with a deterrent against negligent work. Finally, the results of lawsuits cause the profession itself to implement new standards. (Bolinger p.54) The AICPA and its supporters have developed their argument based on continued liability's likely effect on the profession as well as an economic argument. The arguments in favor of liability reform include the effect of continued liability on the availab ility of CPA services. The likelihood of fee increases resulting from liability risk. The threat of the inability of public accounting to obtain and retain qualified individuals. (Bolinger p.56) Finally, the complexities involved in the audit engagemen t and the subjective decision making process versus the ability of a given jury to understand and levy a fair decision in such cases. After examining the arguments of both sides one will see that litigation in its current form is a hindrance to the accou nting profession as well as society, and the benefits provided by litigation are

Family System Theory Essay

In my attempt to outline a family seeking therapy for domestic violence using the Family Systems Theory, I will first give a detailed account of the family history, and then embark on the problem before tackling the intervention strategy. Family History John married Jane 20 years ago.   At the time of their marriage, John had a well paying job which could support his nuclear family as well as his parents.   John’s parents were peasant farmers who actually had sold everything they had in order to pay John’s school fees.   John’s parents had placed a lot of hope in him before he contracted this marriage. This fact led them to discourage John from marrying Jane since they considered that John having spent the family resources in his education, he had every reason first to pay school fees for his young brothers.   To avoid clashing with his parents, John promised to handle both responsibilities (that is, caring for the younger siblings and his wife).   After lengthy deliberations the parents submitted to his observations and allowed him to go forward and marry Jane. On the other hand, Jane at the time of marriage was employed as a sales girl and earned amount that could see her through most of her needs.   Jane appeared to be a self styled lady depicting a lot of wealth.   Even though Jane’s parents were notoriously religious, Jane had an out of wedlock child which she was caring at her parents. This issue was however unknown to John. Jane did not bother or she ignored to disclose to John about this issue.   John only happened to know about the kid a few weeks to their wedding day.   This did not detract John from marrying her fiancà ©e. Jane was the last born in a family of six children, 3 girls and 3 boys.   Her parents were wealthy and of middle social standing.   This family not only was it capable of meeting basic needs but also some luxuries.   Her elder brothers were all married and comfortably settled down.   The two elder girls were also married to wealthy husbands who owned some assortments of luxurious properties including several vehicles.   Unlike John’s family, Jane’s family was in actual fact composed of well to do family members. It is important to note that Jane’s educational background was not pleasing as she had dropped out of school when she contracted her first pregnancy.   John however, had knowledge of her lovers, educational background and seemed to be contended with the situation.   At first, when Jane highlighted to her parents about her future prospects, they at first disapproved the marriage on the grounds that John could afterwards ditch her due to her first child or due to her educational standards.   Jane succeeded to bargain for blessing of the marriage through cheating her parents that John was aware of everything, thus there was no cause of worry. The Problem As noted earlier, few days after John married Jane, there was a misunderstanding over the first issue as John demanded an apology from Jane for failing to disclose fully her status.   This time the marriage was saved by the intervention of John’s parents who pleaded with him to shelve the matter and love his wife as before. Joy returned to these couples and within a period of 10 years, they had 3 more children inside the wedlock.   John managed to convince Jane to leave her job so as to concentrate with family matters, which included taking care of the children among others. This move however, was viewed by John’s in-laws negatively as they considered John’s salary to be insufficient.   They also had negative thoughts about the future status of their daughter’s marriage, as they had conviction that John would one day ditch Jane.   They rebuked Jane for being seduced to terminate her employment. During the 15 years into marriage, John was suspended from his employment under very queer circumstances.   What happened is that John, while supposed to be on duty, had that day requested a fellow workmate to play his part, while he attended to some family issues. Unfortunately, the same day, there occurred some robbery at his place of work and more particularly involving his department.   This called for his suspension pending investigation that was followed by his dismissal without terminal benefits. Upon dismissal John and his family moved to there rural home. Coping with life was not easy as the family had to readjust and face some of the realities of life. The family was in total economic disrepair and john for the sake of saving the situation sold most of his rag-tag assets. However the going was not smooth as these did not last the family for a ling time. As a way of escaping realities of life, John started to drink. This only served the purpose of increasing his problems. Upon being confronted by her wife he resorted to abusive language. The problem facing the family now is that as a result of John’s change of behavior Jane’s parents are blaming her for failing to listen to their instructions in the first place. Even though they have secured Jane something to see the family through basic needs, they are threatening to withhold the same if she keeps on sticking to this doomed marriage. On the other hand John’s children seem to be suffering from emotional distress due to the misunderstanding pitying the parents. The out of wed-lock daughter is considering that their father is battering her mother due to her presence in the family. John seems to be sinking deep and deeper in drug and substance abuse. He abuses his children through neglect as well as physically associating them. John’s parents seem to suggest that John made a mistake in marrying Jane for reasons which are not clear. The family is about to break-down as john is engaged in all manner of domestic violence. Sometime when drunk he raises the subject of the first daughter, a topic that Jane considers to have been dealt with in the past. He also sees Jane’s parents to be the source of all his problems as he associates them with wealthy bureaucrats who are out to play down his marriage. There is total communication breakdown in John’s family as well as between the extended family (in-laws). The family with the aid of a Good Samaritan is now seeking therapy. Remember Jane is cursing herself for having disrespectful to her parent’s advice. The same thing is also happening to John. This culminates into the children loosing hope. Therapy The therapy required here should encompass all the members of the nuclear as well as the extended family. First it is important to evaluate the family through scheduling interviews that involves with some members of this immediate family. This interview should include children as well as two significant members of the extended family. There is a need for the therapist to be a man and woman as to treat gender related issues on top of serving as role models for the family. The therapy being based on the family systems theory the family should be regarded wholly as being the unit of treatment. Therefore emphasis should be placed on communication processes. John’s family should be analyzed first. Therapist’s comments and remarks should be structured in a manner likely to help family members become more conscious of patterns or structures that had been previously ignored. Sessions should be structured in a way that members of the extended family can, eat together, so as to afford the most required ingredient of family to succeed-communication. By the end of the therapy members of this family including the IP (Identified Patient) should be seen to differentiate. Reference Nichols, M.P. & Schwartz, R.C. (2006). Recent Developments in Family Therapy: Integrative Models; in Family therapy: concepts and methods. 7th Ed. Boston: Pearson/Allyn & Bacon.